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Pharmacovigilance: The Devastating Consequences of Not Thinking About Adverse Drug Reactions: The Burden of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRS) on Patient Care has been Found to be High Globally and is Particularly High in South Africa (Clinical Report)

eBook details

Title: Pharmacovigilance: The Devastating Consequences of Not Thinking About Adverse Drug Reactions: The Burden of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRS) on Patient Care has been Found to be High Globally and is Particularly High in South Africa (Clinical Report)
Author : CME: Your SA Journal of CPD
Release Date : January 01, 2011
Genre: Health & Fitness,Books,Health, Mind & Body,
Pages : * pages
Size : 92 KB

Description

A meta-analysis of 69 prospective and retrospective studies conducted in various regions of the world involving 419 000 patients found that approximately 6.7% of all hospitalisations were as a result of ADRs. (1) A recent observational study conducted in the medical wards of a secondary hospital in the Western Cape estimated that 6.3% of hospitalised patients were admitted as a direct result of an ADR, while a further 6.3% of patients developed a significant ADR while in hospital. (2) More than half of the ADRs that occurred in patients in the community were considered to be preventable with improved prescribing, administration, monitoring and adherence. (2) Patients with HIV/AIDS were found to have an increased risk of ADRs. (2) This is probably due to the effect of the disease on the immune system (which is responsible for many idiosyncratic drug reactions) as well as the safety profile of the complex drug regimens that patients with HIV/ AIDS are often receiving. Additionally, a report by the Institute of Medicine in the United States estimated that between 44 000 and 98 000 people in US hospitals die each year because of medical errors, with medication errors playing a significant role in many of these. (3) Similarly, Runciman reports that medication errors are a major contributor to medical errors in Australia, with 26% of 27 000 hospital-related incidents being medication-related, as were 36% of 2 000 anaesthesia-related incidents, and 50% of 2 500 general practice incidents. (4) Even these startling statistics probably don't provide a complete picture of the size and severity of the problem. These studies usually exclude ADRs caused by overdose, drug abuse, or therapeutic failures. Several studies have also found that the cost of managing ADRs places a significant burden on health care budgets. (5) Some countries reportedly spend up to 15 - 20% of their hospital budget dealing with drug complications. (6)